Kalibangan Fire Altars Suggest Ritual Architecture Around 2600 BCE

Excavations at Kalibangan uncovered rows of brick-lined fire altars dating to approximately 2600 BCE.

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Kalibangan also preserves some of the earliest archaeological evidence of ploughed agricultural fields in South Asia.

Kalibangan, located in present-day Rajasthan, was an important Harappan settlement. Archaeologists discovered a series of rectangular brick platforms interpreted as fire altars. These features date to the Mature Harappan period. The altars were arranged in rows within a designated area, suggesting organized ritual practice. Ash deposits and associated artifacts support the interpretation of controlled fire use. The layout indicates planning rather than isolated household hearths. The presence of ritual architecture alongside residential zones suggests integration of belief and daily life. Urban design accommodated ceremonial function. Civic space included sacred dimension.

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Institutionally, dedicated ritual spaces imply structured religious activity. Fire management required material preparation and supervision. Ritual standardization across sites may reflect shared cultural norms. Religious practices could have reinforced social cohesion. Architectural investment in altars indicates resource allocation beyond subsistence. Belief shaped spatial planning. Governance and ritual overlapped.

For participants, attending fire rituals likely reinforced community identity. Children observing ceremonies would internalize shared traditions. The heat and smoke of controlled fires contrasted with domestic cooking flames. Structured ritual distinguished sacred from ordinary space. The altars preserved traces of repeated performance. Archaeology captures moments of devotion in ash and brick. Faith left material residue.

Source

Encyclopaedia Britannica - Kalibangan

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