Grain Price Fluctuations Recorded in Old Babylonian Market Tablets circa 1800 BC

Market tablets from around 1800 BC reveal measurable swings in barley prices tied to harvest conditions.

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Some tablets compare barley values directly with silver weights, illustrating dual valuation systems.

Cuneiform economic tablets from the Old Babylonian period document commodity prices in silver equivalents. Barley served as a staple currency substitute. Variations in recorded exchange rates suggest responses to crop yield changes. Drought or flood altered supply, influencing cost. Merchants and administrators tracked these shifts carefully. Market documentation indicates early price awareness within structured economies. Economic volatility was neither random nor ignored. Written records enabled comparison across seasons. Price data became tool for fiscal planning.

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Monitoring grain prices supported tax calibration and ration distribution. Anticipating scarcity allowed state reserves to be mobilized strategically. Economic literacy among scribes enhanced administrative responsiveness. Market data also informed trade negotiations. Structured documentation reduced uncertainty in transactions. Babylon's economic governance relied on measurable indicators. Agricultural variability shaped financial systems.

For households, rising barley prices signaled tightening margins. Families adjusted consumption in lean years. Merchants navigated opportunity and risk through fluctuating rates. Price entries on clay tablets represented lived stress. Markets translated weather into arithmetic. Survival was denominated in grain.

Source

Encyclopaedia Britannica - Mesopotamia

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