Vertical Isolation in Fragmented Forests Can Trap Sunda Clouded Leopards in Habitat Islands

Clear a ring of land and a forest predator becomes stranded.

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Habitat fragmentation is one of the leading drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide.

When continuous rainforest is broken into isolated patches, each fragment functions like a habitat island. The Sunda clouded leopard’s dependence on canopy connectivity makes crossing open terrain risky. Even short distances of cleared land can disrupt movement. Fragment size influences long-term viability. Small patches may not sustain sufficient prey or breeding pairs. Over time, isolated populations face higher extinction probability. Fragmentation converts forest into archipelagos. The predator becomes confined within shrinking green islands.

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Habitat islands mimic the evolutionary isolation that originally shaped the species, but at accelerated pace. Unlike ancient sea-level changes, modern fragmentation occurs within decades. Populations may decline before adaptation can occur. The speed of isolation exceeds evolutionary response time.

Reconnecting fragments through ecological corridors can restore gene flow and movement. Landscape-level planning transforms islands back into networks. The Sunda clouded leopard’s future depends on reversing artificial archipelagos created by deforestation. Connectivity restores possibility.

Source

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

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