Urban Expansion Toward Highland Edges Increases Human-Wolf Contact Zones

Growing towns are pushing the boundary between wolves and villages closer.

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Peri-urban expansion is a growing driver of habitat fragmentation for wildlife species worldwide.

Expansion of towns and infrastructure near Ethiopian highlands increases contact zones between humans, domestic animals, and Ethiopian wolves. As settlements grow, roads and grazing corridors extend deeper into Afroalpine areas. Increased access facilitates dog movement into wolf territories. Contact frequency correlates with higher disease transmission risk. Urbanization near mountain foothills narrows ecological buffers. Conservation authorities monitor these expanding interfaces carefully. Habitat fragmentation now includes not only farmland but peri-urban development. The boundary between wilderness and settlement is shifting upward.

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Infrastructure expansion complicates habitat protection strategies. Roads create linear barriers and facilitate human access into previously remote areas. Managing disease risk requires coordinated urban and rural vaccination programs. Land-use zoning near protected areas becomes critical. Even small increases in contact frequency can amplify outbreak probability in small populations. Development planning influences wildlife epidemiology.

For residents, town expansion often represents economic growth and improved services. For wolves, it represents shrinking buffer space. The predator does not seek confrontation, yet proximity increases involuntary interaction. Extinction risk in this scenario arises from incremental boundary shifts. A few kilometers of development can alter long-term survival dynamics.

Source

IUCN Red List – Threats and Habitat Trends

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