Avian Power: California Condors Can Smell Carcasses From Miles Away

A bird cruising thousands of feet high can detect death below.

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Condors often watch other scavengers like ravens to help pinpoint carcasses.

California condors possess highly developed eyesight and a functional sense of smell that helps them locate carrion across vast landscapes. While their vision allows them to spot other scavengers descending, their olfactory ability contributes to detecting decomposing animals. From high altitudes, condors scan for subtle environmental cues indicating a carcass. Their soaring behavior lets them cover over 150 miles in a single day, dramatically expanding search capacity. This sensory combination evolved to exploit unpredictable food sources scattered across rugged terrain. The ability to locate carcasses efficiently is essential because they do not hunt live prey. Yet this same skill exposes them to contaminated remains containing toxic lead fragments.

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Finding food across mountain ranges and deserts demands extraordinary detection capabilities. A missed carcass can mean days without feeding, as condors may gorge only intermittently. Their energy-efficient flight allows wide scanning without constant flapping. However, the broader the search area, the higher the probability of encountering poisoned remains. A biological advantage thus intersects directly with human-introduced hazards.

Their sensory precision once synchronized perfectly with natural mortality cycles of large mammals. In modern ecosystems, that same precision can guide them toward invisible toxins. The condor's survival hinges not on its ability to find food, but on the safety of what it finds. An evolutionary system refined over millennia now operates in landscapes saturated with industrial materials. The result is a predator whose greatest strength can also become its greatest vulnerability.

Source

Cornell Lab of Ornithology

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