Iron-Rich Seamount Coral Reefs Targeted in Billion-Dollar Mining Schemes

Ancient deep-sea coral forests growing on iron-rich seamounts have been bulldozed in pursuit of valuable mineral crusts.

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Some deep-sea corals grow less than a millimeter per year, meaning a one-meter colony can be over a thousand years old.

Seamounts host slow-growing deep-sea corals that can live for thousands of years, forming intricate reef-like structures. Many of these seamounts are coated with cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts prized by mining companies. Experimental dredging operations have scraped away both crust and coral in a single pass. Scientists discovered that some coral colonies destroyed in hours were older than the Roman Empire. Juvenile oceanographers lose irreplaceable study sites for climate records stored in coral skeletons. Mining proposals in international waters have sparked billion-dollar negotiations and intense regulatory debates. Environmental groups argue that restoration of such habitats is nearly impossible on human timescales. The scandal highlights the brutal mismatch between geological time and industrial timelines. It reveals how ancient ecosystems can be sacrificed for modern electronics.

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Destruction of seamount coral forests eliminates centuries of ecological history. Juveniles miss opportunities to analyze long-term climate archives preserved in coral growth rings. Mining profits rarely account for irreversible biodiversity loss. Protecting these reefs maintains habitat for fish and invertebrates. International policy must recognize the age and fragility of deep-sea corals. Public awareness can shift investment toward recycled metals instead of new extraction. The scandal demonstrates how quickly ancient ecosystems can vanish.

Mitigation requires designating seamount marine protected areas before mining licenses are issued. Juveniles learn that conservation often depends on proactive planning. Independent ecological assessments must precede industrial activity. Preserving coral forests protects genetic diversity and climate data archives. Failure to act risks eliminating ecosystems older than modern civilization. Collaboration among nations can prevent regulatory loopholes. The controversy underscores the need to value time as much as profit in environmental decisions.

Source

Frontiers in Marine Science

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