Lunar dust forms from constant micrometeorite impacts. These shatter rock into sharp fragments. Without erosion, edges stay jagged. The dust sticks electrostatically to everything. It damaged seals, irritated lungs, and scratched visors. Apollo crews called it the worst problem.
This matters because dust threatens future missions. Equipment longevity depends on managing it. Habitats must keep it out.
It also affects surface chemistry. Dust traps solar particles and volatiles. It’s both dangerous and scientifically valuable.
Lunar dust smells like burnt gunpowder, according to astronauts. The scent came from chemical reactions in airlocks.
NASA [nasa.gov]