Research suggests elephants change behavior when they realize they are being observed by humans. They may hide calves, alter movement patterns, or avoid certain areas. This indicates awareness of observation, not just presence. Such behavior suggests advanced perception of intention. Elephants assess risk dynamically.
It matters because it shows elephants are not passive to human activity. They actively adapt to surveillance and threat.
This complicates conservation monitoring. Observation itself can influence behavior.
Elephants reduce risky behaviors when observers are present. This mirrors awareness seen in great apes.
Behavioral Ecology Journal (academic.oup.com)