Qu Yuan Exile and the 278 BCE Fall of Ying

In 278 BCE, the Chu capital of Ying fell to Qin forces, and its most famous poet chose exile over political compromise.

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The Dragon Boat Festival is traditionally linked to commemorating Qu Yuan's death in the Miluo River.

Qu Yuan served as a minister in the state of Chu during the late Warring States period. Court rivalries led to his banishment despite earlier service to King Huai of Chu. In 278 BCE, Qin armies captured the Chu capital of Ying. According to later tradition recorded in the Shiji, Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River in despair. His poetry, preserved in the anthology known as the Chu Ci, reflects loyalty, moral protest, and political frustration. The narrative blends historical conflict with literary memory. Qu Yuan became symbolic of principled resistance against corruption. His legacy shaped Chinese literary and political identity.

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The fall of Ying demonstrated Qin's expanding military dominance. Political centralization in Qin contrasted with factionalism in Chu. Qu Yuan's story became moral allegory for loyal service rejected by flawed courts. Literature preserved political critique beyond battlefield defeat. Cultural memory turned a military disaster into ethical reflection. Intellectual resistance survived territorial conquest.

For later generations, Qu Yuan embodied integrity amid decline. His exile narrative resonated with officials facing unjust dismissal. Poetry became vessel for political conscience. The Dragon Boat Festival tradition is later associated with his memory. A drowned minister transformed into cultural archetype. Defeat acquired dignity through verse.

Source

Encyclopaedia Britannica - Qu Yuan

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