Taharka Military Campaigns Extended Nubian Rule from Sudan to the Levant in 690 BCE

By 690 BCE, a Nubian king commanded armies that marched from central Sudan to the borders of the Levant.

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🤯 Did You Know (click to read)

The Hebrew Bible references Taharka under the name Tirhakah during conflicts involving Assyria.

Taharka, one of the most powerful rulers of the Kushite 25th Dynasty, came to the Egyptian throne around 690 BCE. His reign is documented in Egyptian inscriptions and Assyrian records, placing Nubia at the center of Near Eastern geopolitics. Taharka supported Levantine states resisting Assyrian expansion, sending military aid northward. Assyrian annals of Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal describe campaigns against him. In 671 BCE, Assyrian forces invaded Egypt and temporarily drove Taharka south. Despite setbacks, he attempted to regain control before final Assyrian consolidation. His building projects at Karnak and Jebel Barkal demonstrate continued religious investment during wartime. The conflict positioned Nubia within a multi-empire struggle. It was not a peripheral kingdom but a regional power.

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💥 Impact (click to read)

Taharka’s reign illustrates how interconnected ancient states had become by the 7th century BCE. Military alliances crossed hundreds of kilometers. Nubian intervention in Levantine politics reflects strategic calculations beyond simple territorial defense. Assyrian expansion pressured both Egypt and Kush, altering trade networks. Temple construction during wartime reinforced internal legitimacy. The geopolitical balance shifted repeatedly across the Nile corridor. Power flowed through diplomacy as much as through siege engines.

For soldiers recruited from Nubia’s heartland, distant northern campaigns meant unfamiliar climates and enemies. The irony is that while Assyrian records portray Taharka as defeated, his monuments still stand in stone across Egypt and Sudan. Written narratives differ depending on who survives to carve them. Nubia’s temporary loss did not erase its century of rule. Influence sometimes outlives victory. Taharka’s name did.

Source

Encyclopaedia Britannica - Taharqa

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