Quasi-Civic Planning at Caral Organized Residential Zones Around Monumental Cores

Residential compounds at Caral were arranged in relation to pyramids and plazas, revealing early urban zoning around 2500 BCE.

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Caral contains multiple residential sectors distinct from its large ceremonial plazas.

Excavations at Caral show that residential areas were positioned strategically around ceremonial complexes. Larger compounds likely housed elites closer to monumental platforms, while smaller dwellings occupied peripheral zones. This spatial organization dates to approximately 2500 BCE. Urban zoning reflects social stratification embedded within city design. Movement patterns reinforced hierarchical visibility. Planning integrated domestic and ceremonial life. Settlement layout expressed governance. Architecture mapped society.

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Urban zoning strengthens institutional control by embedding hierarchy into geography. Residential placement signals status without written designation. Norte Chico demonstrates early Andean social differentiation through planning. Spatial organization becomes administrative instrument. Governance manifests in layout. Structure codifies status. Design communicates power.

For residents, proximity to ceremonial centers shaped daily experience. The psychological effect of living near monumental cores reinforced identity and rank. Individuals navigated status through space. The irony is that desert topography silently codified hierarchy long before legal codes emerged. Geography declared order.

Source

UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Sacred City of Caral-Supe

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