Uluburun Copper Cargo of 10 Tons Highlights Mycenaean Bronze Dependency in c1320 BCE

A single Late Bronze Age ship carried roughly 10 tons of copper, exposing how dependent Mycenaean weapon systems were on foreign ore.

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The Uluburun cargo also included tin ingots, completing the essential alloy ingredients for bronze production.

The Uluburun shipwreck, dated to around 1320 BCE, contained approximately 10 tons of copper ingots. This quantity could produce significant volumes of bronze when alloyed with tin. Mycenaean weaponry and tools relied on imported copper, as mainland deposits were limited. Oxhide-shaped ingots found aboard were standardized trade units. The cargo demonstrates coordinated mining, smelting, and maritime transport networks. Dependency on imported metal created strategic vulnerability. Disruption of supply routes could cripple military production. Linear B tablets confirm controlled bronze allocation within palace economies. The shipwreck provides physical scale to that administrative data.

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Reliance on foreign copper integrated Mycenaean stability with Cypriot and Levantine producers. Economic interdependence created leverage and exposure simultaneously. Maritime security became essential to state survival. Large shipments reduced transaction frequency but amplified loss risk. Centralized control of bronze shaped military hierarchy. Trade and defense became inseparable. The Late Bronze Age collapse exposed the fragility of metal supply chains.

For craftspeople, copper arrival determined workshop productivity. Delays translated into idle labor and ration pressure. The irony is that a storm preserved evidence of economic dependence. A sunken hull now quantifies ancient vulnerability. Prosperity rested on ships that could sink without warning.

Source

Institute of Nautical Archaeology

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