The Oracle Bones of Shang China and Early Divination Carvings

Ancient Chinese inscriptions on bones recorded questions to the future with shocking precision.

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Some oracle bones contain the earliest known examples of Chinese characters that evolved into modern script.

, dating from 1600–1046 BCE, are turtle shells and ox scapulae inscribed with pyromantic symbols. Kings and diviners carved questions about harvests, battles, or births, then applied heat to create cracks, interpreting the patterns as answers. The carvings included dates, diviner names, and predicted outcomes, effectively forming an early written record. The inscriptions reveal a structured system of asking, recording, and interpreting events, showing advanced administrative and religious practice. Even subtle marks or stroke order carried semantic weight, encoding probability and ritual significance. Bones were archived, creating multi-generational records of divination. Carving becomes a bridge between human curiosity and cosmic guidance. The practice is a proto-scientific method of decision-making embedded in art.

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Oracle bones demonstrate early literacy combined with predictive reasoning. Carvings preserved decision-making processes, enabling kings to consult past records. Ritual, governance, and art intersect in a functional medium. The inscriptions created continuity in statecraft and religious observance. Stone and bone carry both practical and symbolic weight. Ancient society transformed carving into both documentation and oracle.

Modern linguists and historians reconstruct Shang chronology through these carvings. The bones show careful notation, standardization, and symbolic sophistication. Carvings provided accountability and ritual legitimacy. Art and administration were inseparable in Shang culture. The Oracle Bones reveal that prehistoric writing could be simultaneously practical, spiritual, and predictive. Stone, shell, and bone preserve human attempts to predict and influence the future.

Source

Journal of Chinese Archaeology

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