Weights and Measures System Used Binary Multiples Across Harappan Cities

Across hundreds of Harappan sites, stone weights followed a standardized binary system that ensured commercial consistency.

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Some Harappan weights show remarkable precision, varying only slightly across distant cities.

Harappan excavations have uncovered cubical stone weights made from chert and other durable materials. These weights follow a binary progression such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and higher multiples. The system appears across sites including Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, and Dholavira. Standardization dates to the Mature Harappan period. Uniform measurement facilitated trade within and between cities. Precision in weight suggests regulated commercial transactions. The weights are often carefully polished and shaped. Measurement consistency indicates shared administrative norms. Commerce operated under calibrated order.

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Systemically, standardized weights imply trust mechanisms embedded in economic practice. Merchants across distant regions could rely on compatible measurement. Administrative oversight likely monitored production and distribution of weights. Commercial fairness strengthened internal cohesion. Uniform measurement supported taxation and redistribution. Economic predictability stabilized trade expansion. Mathematics underpinned market trust.

For traders, standardized weights reduced disputes during exchange. Craftspeople produced calibrated units requiring technical precision. Markets functioned with fewer ambiguities. Buyers and sellers negotiated within shared framework. Children observing transactions absorbed structured commercial norms. Trade became regulated rather than arbitrary. Fairness was quantified.

Source

Encyclopaedia Britannica - Indus civilization

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